qv$_¡i fpl¡Å

v¡$Mphdp„ cg¡ _p_L$X$u Y$]Ngu S>¡hu Arc_¡Óu lp¡e `Z S>ep cpvy$fuA¡ qaëdDÛp¡Ndp„ S>¡ âcph `pX$ép¡ R>¡ s¡_y„ L$p¡C dp` Ap„L$u iL$pe A¡d _\u.

k¡¼k A`ug, M|bk|fsu A_¡ Ág¡df `f Qpgsu qaëdp¡_u vy$r_epdp„, ird®gp V$pNp¡f A_¡ dydspT S>¡hu Arc_¡ÓuAp¡_y„ õ\p_ Ådu Ney„ lsy„ Ðepf¡ ku^ukpv$u Arc_¡Óu dpV¡$ V$L$hy„ dyíL¡$g sp¡ lsy„ `Z S>ep cpvy$fuA¡ `p¡sp_u r_v$p£j ky„v$fsp A_¡ Akp^pfZ ârscp_¡ Å¡f¡ AgN õ\p_ b_phu gu^y„, `p¡sp_p QplL$p¡ Ecp L$fu v$u^p.

S>ep cpvy$fu `f qaëdphpe¡gp„ L¡$V$gp„L$ gp¡L$râe Nusp¡
Nus	qaëd	NpeL$/NpqeL$p
bp¡g¡ f¡ ``ulfp	NyÍ$u	hpZu S>efpd
k|_u f¡ _Nfuep	D`lpf	gsp d„N¡iL$f
r`ep L$p Of l¥	r`ep L$p Of	gsp d„N¡iL$f
Å_¡Å„ Y|„$Y$sp  qaf flp	S>hp_u v$uhp_u	Apip cp¡kg¡,  qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf
`Ñp `Ñp  b|V$p b|V$p	A¡L$ _Tf	dp¡lçdv$ fau,  gsp d„N¡iL$f
kpf¡ L¡$ kpf¡  Npdp L$p¡	`qfQe	Apip cp¡kg¡,  qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf
b_pL¡$ ¼e|„ rbNpX$p f¡	T„Æf	gsp d„N¡iL$f
bplp¢ d¡ Qg¡ ApAp¡	A_prdL$p	gsp d„N¡iL$f
r`ep rb_p r`ep rb_p	Arcdp_	gsp d„N¡iL$f
d¡fp `Y$_¡ d¢  _l] gpN¡	L$p¡fp L$pNT	gsp d„N¡iL$f
d¦_¡ L$lp awgp¢ k¡	rdrg	gsp d„N¡iL$f
L$cu Myiu L$cu Nd	L$cu Myiu  L$cu Nd	gsp d„N¡iL$f

S>ep_p dp¡lL$ ìe[¼sÐh, fdrsepm A_¡ r_v$p£jsp\u cf`|f lpõe A_¡ S>qV$gdp„ S>qV$g `pÓ_¡ `Z Æh„s L$fu v¡$hp_u L$mp_¡ gu^¡ gp¡L$p¡ s¡d_p â¡ddp„ `X$u Nep.

S>gv$u gÁ_ \C S>hp_¡ gu^¡ L¡$qfef blz gp„bu sp¡ _ Qpgu `Z Ap¡R>p kdedp„e S>ep bp¡guh|X$_u `l¡gu lfp¡m_p„ õV$pf S>ê$f b_u Nep„.

g¡ML$-`ÓL$pf sfyZ Ly$dpf_u v$uL$fu S>ep_¡ _p_u Jdfdp„ S> Arc_e L$fhp_u sL$ dmu lsu. lÆ sp¡ dp„X$ V$u_A¡S>f li¡ Ðep„ kÐerS>s fpe_u ¼gprkL$ qaëd dlp_Nf (1963)dp„ L$pd L$fhp dþey„. s¡ `R>u buÆ `Z A¡L$ b„Npmu qaëd L$fu.

s¡ `R>u `|_p_u qaëd A¡ÞX$ V¡$rgrhT_ B[ÞõV$V$é|V$ Å¡B_ L$fu. Ðepf¡ `Z s¡d_¡ OZu rlÞv$u qaëdp¡_u Ap¡af \hp gpNu lsu.

B[ÞõV$V$éyV$_p râ[Þk`g_u cgpdZ\u ÅZusp qX$f¡¼V$f ùjuL¡$i dyMfÆ S>ep_¡ dmhp `|_p Nep. `p¡sp_u ApNpdu qaëd NyÍ$u (1971) dpV¡$ s¡dZ¡ S>ep_¡ kpB_ L$fu gu^p„.

NyÍ$udp„ qaëdõV$pf ^d£ÞÖ `pR>m O¡gu b_su fdrsepm, dõsuMp¡f õL|$gNg®_p `pÓdp„ S>epA¡ L$dpg L$fu _pMu.

NyÍ$u qfrgT \ep `R>u ÓZ S> drl_pdp„ S>ep_u buÆ qaëd Aphu D`lpf (1971). s¡dp„ `Z bpm`Z A_¡ eyhp_u hÃQ¡ dp_rkL$ k„Oj® A_ychsu R>p¡L$fu_y„ `pÓ lsy„. qaëd kpfu Qpgu A_¡ S>ep cpvy$fu_p _pd_p¡ rk¼L$p¡ `X$hp gpÁep¡.

r`ep L$p Of A_¡ AÞ_v$psp (1972) S>¡hu Ar_g ^h__u qaëdp¡dp„ `Z S>ep_y„ L$pd hMZpey„. s¡dZ¡ 1972dp„ S> S>hp_u v$uhp_u S>¡hu çeyrTL$g L$p¡dri®eg qaëd L$fu sp¡ buÆ bpSy> ùjuL¡$i dyMfÆ A_¡ NygTpf S>¡hp qX$f¡¼V$k® kp\¡ _p¡Mp âL$pf_u qaëdp¡ `Z L$fu.

NygTpf_u qaëd `qfQe (1972)dp„ `Z S>ep s¡d_p¡ NyÍ$u S>¡hu S> fdrsepm R>p¡L$fu_p¡ `p¡àeygf \C Ne¡gp¡ fp¡g L$fu i¼ep„ lp¡s `Z s¡dZ¡ dp hNf_u, Akgpdsu A_ychsu dp¡V$u v$uL$fu_u c|rdL$p_¡ h^y d¡Ãep¡f b_phhp dpV¡$ M|b dl¡_s L$fu. `qfQe qaëd\u NygTpf kp\¡ s¡d_p¡ k„b„^ NpY$ \ep¡. NygTpf_¡ S>ep cpC L$l¡hp gpÁep„. NygTpf¡ bl¡__¡ h^y A¡L$ Q¡g¡[ÞS>„N qaëd Ap`u, 1973dp„, L$p¡rii. d|„Nubl¡fu `Ð_u (k„Æh Ly$dpf kp\¡)_p fp¡gdp„ s¡dZ¡ `yfhpf L$fu v$u^y„ L¡$ lgL$pawgL$p fp¡g lp¡e L¡$ N„cuf A_¡ Q¡g¡[ÞS>„N, S>ep cpvy$fu dpV¡ L$iy„ dyíL¡$g _\u.

A¡ Npmpdp„ S>epA¡ `p¡sp_p bp¡eä¡ÞX$ Ardspc bÃQ_ kp\¡ A¡L$ _Tf A_¡ b„ku rbfS|> S>¡hu qaëdp¡ L$fu `Z A¡ raëdp¡ Mpk L„$C QQp® S>Nphu iL$u _l]. `Z 11du d¡, 1973_p T„Æf fS|> \C A_¡ b„_¡_u tS>v$Nudp„ S>bfp¡ hmp„L$ Apìep¡. Ardspc_u Ng®ä¡ÞX$_p fp¡gdp„ S>ep_u Mpk _p¢^ _ g¡hpC `Z Ardspc_u tS>v$Nu bv$gpC NC. Ardspc d¡NpõV$pf b_u Nep.

T„Æf_u kamsp `R>u b„_¡A¡ gÁ_ L$fu g¡hp_y„ _½$u L$ey¯. buÆ S|>_, 1973_p b„_¡A¡ gÁ_ L$fu gu^p„ A_¡ g„X$_ afhp E`X$u Nep„. `Z `pR>p Apìep„ Ðepf¡ S>ep_u L¡$qfef_¡ âï_p\®rQl¹_ gpNu Ney„ lsy„. L¡$d L¡$ s¡ â¡N_ÞV$ lsp„.

s¡ hMs¡ S>ep_u L$¡qfef V$p¡Q `f lsu. ùjuL¡$i dyMfÆ_u qaëd Arcdp_ (1973) Ardspc-S>ep_p„ gÁ_ `R>u sfs S> qfrgT \C A_¡ ky`frlV$ \C NC. Akgpdsu A_ychsp `rs_u V¡$g¡ÞV¡$X$ tkNf `Ð_u_p fp¡gdp„ S>ep_p¡ Arc_e M|b hMZpep¡ lsp¡. s¡ dpV¡$ s¡d_¡ b¡õV$ A¡¼V²¡$k_p¡ qaëda¡f A¡hp¡X®$ `Z dþep¡.

s¡ `R>u_p hj£ L$p¡fp L$pNT qaëd (1974) dpV¡$ `Z S>ep_¡ b¡õV$ A¡¼V²¡$k_p¡ A¡hp¡X®$ dþep¡. s¡ hj£ S> s¡dZ¡ v$uL$fu ð¡sp_¡ S>Þd Apàep¡ A_¡ s¡d_u âpep¡qfV$u bv$gpC NC. v$uL$fu_p¡ S>Þd \ep `R>u s¡dZ¡ lp\ `f fl¡gu qaëdp¡ TX$`\u `|fu L$fhp dp„X$u. ùjuL¡$i dyMfÆ_u rdqg A_¡ Qy`L¡$ Qy`L¡$ s\p fd¡i rkà`u_u ip¡g¡ (b^u 1975dp„ qfrgT \C) `|fu L$fu. A_¡ s¡ `R>u sfs S> v$uL$fp Arcj¡L$_y„ ApNd_ \ey„. `R>u S>epA¡ bpmL$p¡_p„ DR>¡fdp„ Ýep_ v¡$hp dp„X$éy„.

S>epA¡ ei Qp¡`fp_u qaëd rkgrkgp (1981)\u qaëdp¡dp„ afu ApNd_ L$ey¯ `Z s¡ qaëd TpTu Qpgu _l]. s¡ `R>u S>ep_¡ Np¡thv$ r_lgpZu S>¡hp kd\® qX$f¡¼V$f¡ lTpf Qp¥fpku L$u dp„ (1998) qaëddp„ dy¿e c|rdL$pdp„ gu^p„ A_¡ S>epA¡ afu A¡[¼V„$N_p¡ v$p¡f iê$ L$ep£.

s¡ `R>u S>ep_u Arc_eepÓp Åfu flu R>¡. s¡d_¡ qaTp (2000) A_¡ L$cu Myiu L$cu Nd(2001) S>¡hu qaëdp¡dp„ A¡hp¡X®$ dþep, s¡d_y„ L$pd hMZpey„.

A¡L$ kde_u NyÍ$u AÐepf¡ qaëdp¡dp„ A_¡ qfeg gpBadp„ ÅS>fdp_ v$pv$udp_u c|rdL$p bM|bu r_cphu flu R>¡.

S>ep cpvy$fu_u kudprQl¹_ê$` qaëdp¡
hj®	qaëd	Arc_¡sp
1971	NyÍ$u	^d£ÞÖ, krds cp„Å
1971	D`lpf	õhê$` v$Ñ
1972	S>hp_u v$uhp_u	fZ^uf L$`|f
1972	`qfQe	rS>s¡ÞÖ
1973	L$p¡rii	k„Æh Ly$dpf
1973	T„Æf	Ardspc bÃQ_
1973	Arcdp_	Ardspc bÃQ_
1974	L$p¡fp L$pNT	rhS>e Ap_„v$
1975	rdrg	Ardspc bÃQ_
1975	ip¡g¡	Ardspc bÃQ_
1981	rkgrkgp	Ardspc bÃQ_
2001	L$cu Myiu L$cu Nd	Ardspc bÃQ_

Ap `Z hp„Qp¡
fpS>¡ÞÖ Ly$dpf : bp¡guh|X$_p¡ Äeyrbgu õV$pf

qX$TpB_ : Dv$e Ly$qL$e_